Optical imaging plays an important role in biomedical research being extremely useful for early detection, screening and image-guided therapy. Lanthanide-doped up-converting nanoparticles were ideally suited for bioimaging because they could be ex-cited in near infrared (NIR) and emit in NIR or visible (VIS). Here, we compared lanthanide doped up-converting NaYF4 and organic fluorophores for application in deep-tissue imaging. For that purpose-tissue phantoms mimicking the natural properties of light scat-tering by living tissues were prepared. The studies allowed to quantitatively compare optical resolution of different fluorescent com-pounds, revealing that the NIR photoexcitation was favorable over conventional UV photoexcitation.
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