The nano-Y2O3 was prepared from YCl3by the citrate precipitation method. The precursor powders were prepared by 0.1 mol/L YCl3 solution and 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid in the presence of 1% surfactant PEG2000, which was dried via an ethanol azeotropic distillation method. The effects of reaction temperature, precursor concentration, hydrochloric acid concentration, surfac-tant, and calcination temperature on the mean sizes of nano-Y2O3 were studied. It was found that the highest yield of precursor was about 70% at the pH value of 5.0, and the yield decreased rapidly at the pH value below 4 or over 6. The reaction temperature re-vealed no effect on the size of precursor. The optimized precursor concentration and hydrochloric acid concentration were both 0.1 mol/L. Several typical analytic techniques such as particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG-DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the characteristics of the prepared nano powders. Homogeneous torispherical nano-Y2O3 with the smallest size (20 nm) could be obtained by calcining the precursor powders at 800 oC for an hour.
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