采用浇铝法制备铜铝复合铸锭，研究液体铝与固体铜复合过程中过渡层的凝固过程与组织变化规律，结果表明，铜铝复合铸锭中过渡层由α(Al)+α(Al)?CuAl2共晶、α(Al)?CuAl2共晶、CuAl2+α(Al)?CuAl2共晶和Cu9Al4四种组织组成，浇注温度、铜板外表面强制冷却方式以及浇注后到开始强制冷却时间不影响过渡层内组织种类，但过渡层内各种组织占过渡层厚度的比例随工艺参数而变化。过渡层顶部的纯铝最先开始凝固，而后α相以枝晶的方式、CuAl2相以平面晶或胞晶方式分别从过渡层的两侧向过渡层内生长。铜板外表面冷却强度越强，α枝晶越发达，CuAl2相越容易长成平面晶。
The Cu?Al composite casts were prepared by the method of pouring molten aluminum. The solidification process and the microstructure of the transition layer were investigated during the recombination process of the liquid Al and the solid Cu. The results reveal that the microstructure of the transition layer in the Cu?Al composite cast consists of α(Al)+α(Al)?CuAl2 eutectic,α(Al)?CuAl2 eutectic, CuAl2+α(Al)?CuAl2 eutectic and Cu9Al4. Additionally, the pouring temperature, cooling mode of the Cu plate surface and start time of the forced cooling after pouring have no effect on the microstructure species. But the proportion of the various microstructures in the transition layer changes with the process parameters. The pure Al at the top of the transition layer starts to solidify first and then theα(Al) phase grows in a dendritic way, while the CuAl2 phase exhibits plane or cellular crystal growth from the two sides of the transition layer towards its interior. The stronger the cooling intensity of the Cu plate outer surface, the more developed the dendrite, and the easier it is for the CuAl2 phase to grow into a plane crystal.
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