基于同步辐射X射线衍射(SR-XRD)和硫/铁/铜K边X射线吸收近边结构(XANES)光谱学等技术，研究了嗜酸热古菌Acidianus manzaensis浸出黄铜矿过程中次级产物的形成和演变机制。浸出实验结果表明，经过10 d的生物浸出黄铜矿的浸出率为82.4%，此时黄铜矿的表面被显著腐蚀且覆盖了一层浸出产物。在生物浸出过程中，矿物表面次级产物的形成及演变有如下规律：1)第2 d和第4 d检测了少量单质硫、斑铜矿和辉铜矿；2)第6 d和10 d斑铜矿和辉铜矿消失，但是铜蓝开始产生，并且黄钾铁矾逐渐变成主要产物。这些结果表明浸出过程中首先在低电位(360~461 mV)下形成金属缺失型辉铜矿和斑铜矿，随着电位升高，在高电位(461~531 mV)下逐渐转化为了铜蓝。
The formation and evolution of secondary minerals during bioleaching of chalcopyrite by thermoacidophilic Archaea Acidianus manzaensis were analyzed by combining synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) and S, Fe and Cu KαX-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Leaching experiment showed that 82.4% of Cu2+ was dissolved by A. manzaensis after 10 d. The surface of chalcopyrite was corroded apparently and covered with leaching products. During bioleaching, the formation and evolution of secondary minerals were as follows: 1) little elemental sulfur, jarosite, bornite and chalcocite were found at days 2 and 4;and 2) bornite and chalcocite disappeared, covellite formed, and jarosite gradually became the main component at days 6 and 10. These results indicated that metal-deficiency sulfides chalcocite and bornite were first formed with a low redox potential value (360?461 mV), and then gradually transformed to covellite with a high redox potential value (461?531 mV).
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