闭孔泡沫铝因为导热系数低而在隔热、保温等方面具有传统绝热材料所不可比拟的优势。利用三维建模软件建立了球形泡孔的泡沫铝三维模型，推导了泡沫铝孔隙率、平均孔径和孔壁厚度之间的关系；通过 C 语言建立了具有不同孔结构和孔洞随机分布的不均匀泡沫铝模型，并用 ANSYS 软件考察分析了温度场的分布。结果表明：导热系数随着孔隙率的降低呈现增大趋势；孔隙率相同时，由于孔隙分布不一而导热系数不同，说明孔隙分布对泡沫铝导热性能存在影响；孔洞沿着垂直热流方向延伸或分布对热流的阻碍作用加大，甚至由于孔洞在垂直于热流方向的连通，出现“高热阻墙”而导致导热性能急剧下降，这说明仅仅依据孔隙率不能唯一确定泡沫铝的导热性能。
Closed-cell aluminum foam has incomparable advantages over other traditional materials for thermal insulation and heat preservation because of small thermal conductivity coefficient. Spherical bubble three-dimensional model of aluminum foam is built to deduce the relationship among pore wall thickness, porosity and average pore size. Non-uniform closed-cell foam aluminum model with different structural parameters and random pore distribution is established based on the relationship via C programming language. And the temperature distribution is analyzed with ANSYS software. Results indicate that thermal conductivity increases with the reducing of porosity. For the aluminum foam with the same porosity, different pore distributions result in different thermal conductivities. The temperature distribution in aluminum foam is non-uniform, which is closely related with the pore size and distribution. The pores which extend or distribute along the direction perpendicular to heat flow strengthen obstructive capability for heat flow. When pores connect along the direction perpendicular to heat flow, a “wall of high thermal resistance” appears to decline the thermal conductivity rapidly, which shows that only porosity cannot completely determine effective thermal conductivity of closed-cell aluminum foam.
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