提出一种基于FeO?SiO2?Al2O3渣型废旧铝壳锂离子电池还原熔炼回收有价金属的新工艺,该工艺仅采用铜渣作造渣剂.研究表明:在造渣剂用量为铝壳锂离子电池质量的4.0倍、熔炼温度1723 K、熔炼时间30 min条件下,钴、镍、铜的回收率最高,分别为98.83%、98.39%和93.57%;还原熔炼合理的渣型组成为m(FeO):m(SiO2)=0.58:1~1.03:1,Al2O3含量为17.19%~21.52%;熔炼产出合金主要由Fe?Co?Cu?Ni固溶体相和冰铜相构成,产出炉渣的主要矿物成分为铁橄榄石和铁铝尖晶石,铜在渣中损失的主要机制是板条状铁橄榄石对冰铜和金属铜的机械夹杂.
A novel smelting reduction process based on FeO?SiO2?Al2O3 slag system for spent lithium ion batteries with Al cans was developed, while using copper slag as the only slag former. The feasibility of the process and the mechanism of copper loss in slag were investigated. 98.83% Co, 98.39% Ni and 93.57% Cu were recovered under the optimum conditions of slag former/battery mass ratio of 4.0:1, smelting temperature of 1723 K, and smelting mass ratio of time of 30 min. The FeO?SiO2?Al2O3 slag system for the smelting process is appropriate under the conditions ofm(FeO):m(SiO2)=0.58:1?1.03:1, and 17.19%?21.52% Al2O3 content. The obtained alloy was mainly composed of Fe?Co?Cu?Ni solid solution including small amounts of matte. The obtained slag mainly consisted of fayalite and hercynite. Meanwhile, the mechanism of copper loss is the mechanical entrainment from strip-like fayalite particles in the main form of copper sulfide and metallic copper.
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