以硝酸铋和偏钒酸铵为无机源,NaOH为pH值调节剂,三嵌段共聚物P123为表面活性剂,采用醇-水热法制备了多种形貌的单斜BiVO4.利用X射线衍射、N2吸脱附、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和紫外可见光漫反射等技术表征了其物化性质,并考察了这些BiVO4样品在可见光照射下降解甲基橙的催化活性.结果表明,表面活性剂和溶液pH值对所得BiVO4产物的粒子形貌影响很大.在醇-水热温度为180℃,pH值为2,7或10时,可分别制得多孔球状、花状和片状BiVO4;而采用P123作表面活性剂,在醇-水热温度为180℃且pH为2时可制得棒状BiVO4.BiVO4样品粒子形貌的不同导致它们的比表面积、表面氧空位密度和(040)晶面暴露率不同,其中以棒状BiVO4样品具有最高的比表面积、氧空位密度和(040)晶面暴露率以及最低的带隙能,使其对甲基橙降解表现出最好的光催化活性.可以认为,BiVO4样品对甲基橙的光催化降解反应活性存在形貌效应,棒状形貌有利于提高BiVO4的光催化性能.
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