采用密度泛函理论研究了ZrO2负载的Ru基、Rh基以及Re改性的Rh基、Ir基催化剂上甘油氢解生成1,2-丙二醇和1,3-丙二醇的热力学过程,重点考察了ReOx调变催化剂活性和选择性的作用机制.结果表明,Ru/ZrO2和Rh/ZrO2催化剂上甘油分解经由脱水-加氢反应途径,1,2-丙二醇的生成是热力学有利过程,其中Ru基催化剂活性更高.在Re修饰的Rh基和Ir基催化剂上,反应遵循直接氢解机理,其中金属表面解离的氢原子进攻ReOx团簇上与醇盐紧邻的C-O键是催化甘油转化为丙二醇最核心的步骤.Re-Ox-Rh/ZrO2催化剂上1,2-丙二醇为主要产物,并伴随1,3-丙二醇的生成,ReOx的修饰则显著提高了Ir/ZrO2催化剂上1,3-丙二醇选择性.与单金属催化剂上发生的间接氢解机理相比,修饰催化剂上1,3-丙二醇选择性的提高可主要归因于Rh(Ir)-Re协同催化的直接氢解反应过程,其中羟基化铼官能团有利于末端醇盐中间体的生成.ReOx-Ir/ZrO2催化剂上较大的Ir-Re团簇使得末端金属醇盐的立体优选性比次级醇盐更为突出,从而具有最高的1,3-丙二醇选择性.
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