以热解稻壳炭为原料,浓硫酸为磺化剂制备了固体酸催化剂.采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、元素分析、孔结构分析和热重-质谱联用等手段对其进行了表征.以油酸和甲醇的酯化为探针反应,考察了磺化温度和时间对催化剂活性的影响,探讨了反应条件对油酸转化率的影响,并对所制催化剂的稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,制备该催化剂的适宜磺化温度和时间分别为90℃和0.25 h,在该条件下制得的催化剂为无定形碳结构,磺酸基密度为0.7 mmol/g.该催化剂表现出较高的催化酯化反应活性,在催化剂用量为5％、甲醇/油酸摩尔比为4、酯化温度和时间分别为1 10℃和2h的条件下,油酸的酯化率可达98.7％.该催化剂具有较好的稳定性,经7次连续反应后,油酸的酯化率仍可达96.0％.
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