甲醛是一种常见的室内空气污染物,人们针对其消除已经做了大量的研究工作.催化氧化法是脱除挥发性有机物的一种重要方法,能在较低温度下通过催化剂作用将甲醛完全氧化为无毒的CO2和H2O.所用催化剂主要为负载型贵金属催
化剂和非贵金属催化剂,但只有担载贵金属Pt或Pd的催化剂可在室温下将甲醛完全氧化,而非贵金属一般则需要较高的温度. Au催化剂是近年来催化领域的一个研究热点,但是关于纳米Au催化剂室温消除甲醛的研究较少.本课题组前期研究发现,以可还原性氧化物(CeO2, FeOx)为载体负载的Au催化剂具有优异的室温氧化甲醛活性；并且突破以可还原性载体负载金的传统思路,首次发现“惰性载体”γ-Al2O3,负载的金催化剂在室温、有水条件下具有优异的甲醛氧化活性.本文对比了还原性氧化物(CeO2, FeOx)和非还原性氧化物(Al2O3, SiO2和HSZM-5)载体负载金催化剂,研究了载体氧化还原性质对负载金催化剂在高空速(600000 ml/(g·s))条件下室温催化氧化甲醛的活性和稳定性影响.结果表明,在室温、高空速且相对湿度为50%的条件下, Au/Al2O3催化剂的初活性最高,且较为稳定. Au/SiO2和Au/HZSM-5催化剂的初活性虽然较高,但很快失活.而还原性氧化物载体(CeO2, FeOx)负载的金催化剂初活性较低,但是稳定性较好.通过电镜对负载金催化剂表面Au粒子大小的表征,并将粒子尺寸与负载金催化剂室温氧化甲醛初活性相关联,它与催化氧化甲醛反应速率成线性关系. Au粒子尺寸较小的催化剂(Au/Al2O3和Au/SiO2),在高空速条件下具有更高的氧化甲醛活性,而Au粒子尺寸较大的Au/FeOx催化剂活性较差.载体的氧化还原性质虽然不直接影响Au催化剂初活性,但直接影响催化剂稳定性.由于Au与SiO2或HZSM-5载体的相互作用较弱,导致反应过程中Au粒子聚集长大,使其失活较快；而Au/Al2O3催化剂表面则富含羟基物种,能够与Au形成配体或产生锚定作用,因此反应过程中金粒子没有明显长大.而表面中间物种的沉积并覆盖活性位是负载金催化剂缓慢失活的主要原因.
Gold stabilized on reducible oxide (CeO2 and FeOx) and irreducible oxide (γ‐Al2O3, SiO2, and HZSM‐5) were prepared by deposition precipitation method and tested for catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) at room temperature under high GHSV of 600000 ml/(g·s). Au/γ‐Al2O3 cata‐lyst showed distinctive catalytic performance, presenting the highest initial HCHO conversion and stability. Correlating the reaction rate with Au particle size, there is a linear relationship, suggesting that the smaller Au particle size with higher dispersion possesses high reactivity for HCHO oxida‐tion. All the catalysts deactivated at high GHSV (600000 ml/(g·s)), but in a quite different rate. Re‐ducible oxide (CeO2 and FeOx) could stabilize gold through O linkage and therefore exhibits a better stability for HCHO oxidation reaction. However, the aggregation of gold particles occurred over Au/SiO2 and Au/HZSM‐5 catalysts, which result in the fast deactivation. Therefore, our results sug‐gest that the reducibility of the supports for Au catalysis has no direct influence on the activity, but affects the catalytic stability.
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