材料期刊网

近年来电解水产氢作为一种具有前景的制备及储存可再生能源的方法受到了各界的广泛关注.在此过程中,电解水催化剂是提高能源转换效率的关键.优秀的催化剂应具备高催化活性、高稳定性、低成本以及可大规模生产等性质.科研工作者对电解水的两部分反应,即析氢反应以及析氧反应均进行了广泛及深入的研究.目前,贵金属催化剂,如铂基、钌基催化剂的催化活性要高于其他元素催化剂,但由于其价格昂贵,储量较少使得贵金属催化剂无法得到大规模应用,因此发展非贵金属催化剂对绿色能源的发展具有重要意义.一般而言,催化剂的结晶度越高,其催化活性越好,而近年来非晶催化剂以其更高的催化活性位密度也越来越受到人们的重视.同时,非晶催化剂的成分更加灵活,相比晶体催化剂来说非晶催化剂可以在更大范围内对成分进行调节.此外,非晶催化剂的制备通常都在较为温和的反应条件下进行,这也能够降低生成成本,促进其工业化发展.在这篇综述里我们介绍了电解水反应的基本原理,总结了近期非晶析氢、析氧以及双功能催化剂的研究进展.并随后探讨了电解水反应目前的难点并对非晶催化剂的制备进行了展望.

The generation of hydrogen through the electrolysis of water has attracted attention as a promising way to produce and store energy using renewable energy sources. In this process, a catalyst is very important to achieve a high-energy conversion efficiency for the electrolysis of water. A good cata-lyst for water electrolysis should exhibit high catalytic activity, good stability, low cost and good scalability. Much research has been devoted to developing efficient catalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Traditionally, it has been accepted that a material with high crystallinity is important to serve as a good catalyst for HER and/or OER. Recently, catalysts for HER and/or OER in the electrolysis of water splitting based on amorphous materials have received much interest in the scientific community owing to the abundant unsatu-rated active sites on the amorphous surface, which form catalytic centers for the reaction of the electrolysis of water. We summarize the recent advances of amorphous catalysts for HER, OER and overall water splitting by electrolysis and the related fundamental chemical reactions involved in the electrolysis of water. The current challenges confronting the electrolysis of water and the de-velopment of more efficient amorphous catalysts are also discussed.