作为煤制天然气的核心技术之一,CO甲烷化工艺的开发基础便是高效催化剂的研制.目前,CO甲烷化催化剂主要采用Ni作为活性组分,但如何保持其具有较高的催化活性和优异的高温稳定性,仍为当今不得不面临的棘手问题.本文以乙二醇改性的三维介孔KIT-6为载体,利用其较高的比表面积、可调孔径、独特的双螺旋三维孔道结构等特点,通过湿式浸渍法成功制备了由助剂改性的Ni基催化剂,探讨了V,Ce,La,Mn等不同助剂对Ni基催化剂CO甲烷化催化性能的影响.分别采用X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原、氢气程序升温脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱、激光拉曼光谱和热重分析等手段对催化剂特性进行了表征.结果显示,Ni-V/KIT-6具有最高的Ni纳米粒子分散性(26.5%)和催化还原性,产生了最多的活性位,同时,Si–O–V的形成增强了金属-载体间相互作用,并因载体的三维介孔限制效应而形成较小Ni纳米粒子,这些均有助于提升Ni基催化剂CO甲烷化的催化性能和稳定性.在常压、250–400 oC和60000 mL/(g·h)空速的实验条件下对催化剂进行了催化活性评价测试.结果表明,助剂提高了CO甲烷化低温催化活性,其中,Ni-V/KIT-6在350oC的条件下实现了CO的完全转化,CH4产率也高达85%;其在常压、500oC和60000mL/(g·h)空速的操作条件下所进行的稳定性测试结果还显示,Ni-V/KIT-6也具有优异的抗烧结和抗积碳能力,展示了良好的高温稳定性.因此,Ni-V/KIT-6是一种具有广阔应用前景的CO甲烷化催化剂.
Promoter-modified Ni-based catalysts were synthesized by an incipient-wetness impregnation method using 3D-mesoporous KIT-6 as a support modified by ethylene glycol, and evaluated for the catalytic production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) from CO methanation. Characterization results suggested that the addition of promoter species could remarkably improve the low-temperature catalytic activity for CO methanation, which was due to a large dispersion of Ni nanoparticles, an enhanced interaction between metal and support as well as a confinement effect of 3D-mesopores. Among all catalysts, Ni-V/KIT-6 possessed the best catalytic performance, which was ascribed to the largest H2 uptake of 177.6 μmol/g and Ni dispersion of 26.5%, an intimate interaction with the support from the formation of Si–O–V linkage and an enhanced confinement effect of 3D-mesopores to effectively prevent the growth of Ni nanoparticles and carbon filaments. In consequence, Ni-V/KIT-6 displayed excellent catalytic performance as well as high catalytic stability, which can be regarded as a promising candidate for CO methanation.
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