通过原位化学聚合制备了不同形貌的纳米炭材料(炭黑,碳纳米管及石墨烯纳米片)/聚苯胺复合电极材料.分析表明:石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料相比于炭黑/聚苯胺、碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合物及纯聚苯胺,具有产率和比容量高,内阻低及明显提高的循环稳定性和倍率性能.石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料更好的电化学性能归因于:(a)二维平面结构石墨烯有利于大量聚苯胺在其表面均匀沉积及更多的活性位使聚苯胺和电解液离子接触,从而有利于聚苯胺得失电子促使氧化还原反应的顺利进行;(b)石墨烯间的面接触有利于构建电子的快速传输网络使电极材料具有更低的电阻;(c)石墨烯及聚苯胺层层堆叠结构具有柔性包覆限制作用,可有效防止聚苯胺在充放电过程中因膨胀和收缩而从石墨烯表面脱离.
Nanocarbon/polyaniline (PANI) composites were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline on carbon blacks (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanosheets (GNSs). The GNS/PANI composite has the highest PANI content with high specific capacitance, low internal resistance as well as improved cycling stability and rate capability. Of the three, the GNS/PANI composite shows better performance than CB/PANI and CNT/PANI. This can be attributed to the following three characteristics of GNSs as the PANI support: (a) the two-dimensional planar structure is beneficial to homogeneous nucleation of a large amount of PANI on their surface, giving more active sites for the redox reaction; (b) the planar contact between GNSs and PANI is good for constructing a conductive network with a high electron transfer rate and a low resistance and (c) the layer-by-layer stacks of crumpled GNSs and PANI layers prevent the peeling of PANI from the graphene surface. As a consequence the material can tolerate severe volume changes, swelling and shrinkage of PANI, during charge/discharge.
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