以中间相沥青和添加中间相炭微球的沥青为原料,调整发泡压力和发泡湿度制备沥青泡沫,经1273K炭化和2973 K石墨化,制备了高密度石墨泡沫.为了进一步提高石墨泡沫的密度,采用573 K的沥青反复浸渍炭化未添加中间相炭微球的沥青在1273K下所制的泡沫炭,再经2973K石墨化获得增密度后的石墨泡沫.而后制备了相应石墨泡沫/石蜡复合材料.研究了石墨泡沫热物理性能的影响因素和石墨泡沫/石蜡复合材料的热行为.研究表明:沥青组分、发泡温度和发泡压力决定了石墨泡沫的结构和热物理性能,而石墨泡沫的热导率决定了复合材料的热行为.与石蜡相比,石墨泡沫/石蜡复合材料的热扩散系数提高了768至1588倍.石墨泡沫/石蜡复合材料的潜热与石蜡的质量分数成正比.该复合材料是快速响应电子散热材料的良好选择.
High-density graphite foams (GFs) were prepared from mesophase pitch with or without mesocarbon microbeads at different foaming temperatures and pressures,followed by carbonization and graphitization at 1273 and 2973 K,respectively.In one case,pitch was repeatedly infiltrated into the graphitized foam at 573K followed by carbonization to increase its density.Paraffin was infiltrated into the GFs to form GF/paraffin composites.Factors determining the thermophysical properties of the GFs and thermal behavior of the GF/paraffin composites were investigated.The microstructure and thermophysical properties of the foams were found to be greatly influenced by the pitch fraction,foaming temperature and foaming pressure.The thermal conductivity of the foams determines the thermal behavior of the GF/paraffin composites.The thermal diffusivity of the GF/paraffin composites investigated can be increased 768 to 1588-fold compared with that of paraffin.The latent heat of the composites has an almost linear relationship with the mass fraction of paraffin in the composites.The composites are suitable candidates for passive cooling of electronics.
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