采用热溶剂萃取法从低阶煤和生物质废弃物中获得了一种萃取物,此萃取物收率高达61%,在100℃左右开始软化.然后以此萃取物为前驱体,通过热熔纺丝-有机溶剂处理-缓慢氧化-炭化的方法制得了炭纤维.通过元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、电子显微镜(SEM)等对炭纤维的形貌结构、物相组成等进行了表征分析,结果表明此炭纤维的基本性质与商业炭纤维相似.本方法是一种具有一定实际可行性的炭纤维制备新途径.
The practical use of carbon fibers is limited by their high price mainly due to the high price of precursors. We have ex-amined a high temperature solvent extraction method to prepare carbon fiber precursors from low-rank coals and biomass, using a lignite from Australia and rice straw. 1-methylnaphthalene at 350 ℃ was used for the extraction and some of the extract in the sol-vent was precipated at room temperature. The soluble fractions at room temperature were obtained for use as the precursors by sol-vent evaporation. They were spun into fibers by a centrifuge spinning system and were then were extracted by cyclohexane to in-crease the softening point, stabilized by a temperature-programmed thermal treatment in air from 80 ℃ to 330 ℃ and carbonized at 1000 ℃ for 1 h in N2 to obtain carbon fibers. The carbon and oxygen contents of the final carbon fibers were 92 and 6. 0 wt%, re-spectively, similar to those of commercial carbon fibers. The fiber diameter was around 4-6μm. The soluble fractions were found to be promising low-cost precursors for carbon fibers.
参考文献
| [1] | Arshad Hussain Wazir;Lutfullah Kakakhe.沥青基炭纤维的制备及其表征[J].新型炭材料,2009(01):83-88. |
| [2] | Baojun Yu;Chengyang Wang;Mingming Chen.Two-step chemical conversion of coal tar pitch to isotropic spinnable pitch[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2012:155-159. |
| [3] | E. Vilaplana-Ortego;J.A. Macia-Agullo;J. Alcaniz-Monge.Comparative study of the micropore development on physical activation of carbon fibers from coal tar and petroleum pitches[J].Microporous and mesoporous materials: The offical journal of the International Zeolite Association,20081/3(1/3):125-132. |
| [4] | Kadla JF.;Kubo S.;Venditti RA.;Gilbert RD.;Compere AL.;Griffith W..Lignin-based carbon fibers for composite fiber applications[J].Carbon: An International Journal Sponsored by the American Carbon Society,200215(15):2913-2920. |
| [5] | 林剑;赵广杰.木质素基碳纤维的研究进展[J].北京林业大学学报,2010(4):293-296. |
| [6] | Ummul Khair Fatema;Chiemi Tomizawa;Masaru Harada.Iodine-aided fabrication of hollow carbon fibers from solid poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers[J].Carbon: An International Journal Sponsored by the American Carbon Society,20116(6):2158-2161. |
| [7] | E.Vilaplana-Ortego;J.Alcaniz-Monge;D.Cazorla-Amoros.Stabilisation of low softening point petroleum pitch fibres by iodine treatment[J].Fuel Processing Technology,20073(3):265-272. |
| [8] | E.Vilaplana-Ortego;J.Alcaniz-Monge;D.Cazorla-Amoros;A.Linares-Solano.Stabilisation of low softening point petroleum pitch fibres by HNO_3[J].Carbon: An International Journal Sponsored by the American Carbon Society,20035(5):1001-1007. |
| [9] | Janewit Wannapeera;Xian Li;Nakorn Worasuwannarak;Ryuichi Ashida;Kouichi Miura.Production of High-Grade Carbonaceous Materials and Fuel Having Similar Chemical and Physical Properties from Various Types of Biomass by Degradative Solvent Extraction[J].Energy & Fuels,2012Jul./Aug.(Jul./Aug.):4521-4531. |
| [10] | Xian Li;Ryuichi Ashida;Kouichi Miura.Preparation of High-Grade Carbonaceous Materials Having Similar Chemical and Physical Properties from Various Low-Rank Coals by Degradative Solvent Extraction[J].Energy & Fuels,2012Nov./Dec.(Nov./Dec.):6897-6904. |
| [11] | 李显;朱贤青;肖黎;芦田隆一;三浦孝一;罗光前;姚洪.酸洗脱灰及离子交换对低阶煤热溶剂提质分离的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2014(8):897-904. |
| [12] | Nakorn Worasuwannarak;Hiroyuki Nakagawa;Kouichi Miura.Effect of pre-oxidation at low temperature on the carbonization behavior of coal[J].Fuel,200211/12(11/12):1477-1484. |
| [13] | Miura K.;Hashimoto K.;Nakagawa H..EXAMINATION OF THE OXIDATIVE STABILIZATION REACTION OF THE PITCH-BASED CARBON FIBER THROUGH CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN CHEMISORPTION AND GAS FORMATION RATE[J].Carbon: An International Journal Sponsored by the American Carbon Society,19953(3):275-282. |
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
- 您的评分：
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%