以煤沥青为碳源,金属-有机框架化合物(MOF-5)为模板和辅助碳源,耦合KOH活化,制备了超级电容器用相互连接的中孔炭片状材料(IMCSs).通过透射电镜、氮吸脱附、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱等技术对所得材料进行了表征.结果表明,所得IMCSs的比表面积介于860~1 046 m2·g-1之间.在优化的条件下, IMCSs在6 M KOH电解液中,0.05 A·g-1电流密度下,其比容达到242 F·g-1.由于IMCSs拥有可供离子快速传输的短的分级孔、可供离子吸附的大量的微孔和导电性好的相互连接的结构,因此,当电流密度增加到20 A·g-1时,IMCSs的比容保持率为80.2%,显示了很好的速率性能.经10 000次循环充放电后,IMCSs的容量保持率仍达到94.2%,显示了优异的循环稳定性.此工作为合成高性能超级电容器用相互连接的中孔炭片提供了一个可行的方法,可以用廉价的稠环碳氢化合物,如,煤沥青和石油沥青为碳源.
Interconnected mesoporous carbon sheets (IMCSs) for use in supercapacitors were fabricated from coal tar pitch using a metal-organic framework (MOF-5) template method combined with KOH activation.The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Results show that the specific surface area of IMCSs is in the range of 860 to 1 046 m2·g-1.The IMCS prepared under the optimal conditions presents a high specific capacitance of 242 F·g-1 at 0.05 A·g-1 in a 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte.It also exhibits an excellent rate capability with a 80.2% capacitance retention rate as the current density increases from 0.05 to 20 A·g-1, and a cycle stability with a 94.2% capacitance retention rate after 10 000 charge-discharge cycles.The good electrochemical performance is ascribed to small hierarchical pores for ion fast transport, abundant accessible micropores for ion storage and interconnected structure for high electron conductivity.This work provides a simple method for the synthesis of IMCSs from cheap polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including coal tar pitch and petroleum pitch, for use in high-performance supercapacitors.
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