稀土元素由于具有强碱性、氧化还原性和高配位数等性质,对于许多化学反应都表现出优异的催化性能.本综述以反应为导向,简要总结了稀土催化剂在醇类氧化脱氢、气体小分子氧化、气体小分子重整等小分子转化反应中的多相催化反应性及其结构-活性的关联关系.稀土元素在多相催化体系中可以作为直接产生催化活性的主催化剂,也可以作为分散活性成分的载体,还可以作为与活性成分发生协同作用的助催化剂.预期实验研究与理论计算的结合将对新型稀土多相催化材料的理性设计和开发提供更可靠的理论基础和实验支撑.
Rare earth elements exhibit excellent catalytic performances owing to their strong basicity,abundant coordination probabilities and redox properties.In this review,heterogeneous catalytic reactivities and structure-activity relationships of rare earth catalysts in transformation reactions of small molecules,such as dehydration of alcohol,oxidation and reforming of gas molecules,were concisely summarized,mainly guided by the category of catalytic reactions.Rare earth elements can be introduced into the catalytic systems either as active components to directly participate in the reactions,or as large-area supports to increase catalyst dispersion,or as co-catalysts bringing in synergistic catalytic effects.Experimental investigations combined with theoretical computations was expected to provide fundamental and reliable support for the rational design and development of novel rare earth heterogeneous catalysts.
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