通过炸药爆破施工井巷工程进行采矿作业是地下矿山的通常做法，但对于矿岩不稳固矿体的开采，由于爆破震动使矿岩更加不稳定，不仅增大了损失贫化，还加大了采矿管理难度，同时严重威胁作业人员人身安全。静态爆破是一种在不适合炸药爆破作业所采用的作业安全、贫化损失小的爆破方法。以四平银矿为工程背景，介绍了静态爆破破碎机理以及在矿柱回采、采场顶板压顶（回采）、窄小脉幅矿体回采所进行的工业试验过程。工业应用表明，静态爆破回采矿柱、窄小脉幅矿体及采场压顶，采下的矿石集中、不会过粉碎，出矿效率高，损失贫化小，节省通风除尘费用，同时能极大地改善安全作业条件，可在岩金及稀有贵金属矿山窄小脉幅矿体回采中推广应用。
@@@@Excavation of roadways by blasting is usually applied in underground mining but for those mining work with unstable surrounding rocks ,dynamic blasting will add to the difficulties including enlarging the dilution rate of ores,worsening mining management and threatening the safety of mining staff .Static blasting is among ways which are applied when dynamic blasting is not appropriate and is a safer operation making dilution rate minimize .The paper takes Siping silver mine for engineering background ,and introduces the mechanism of static blasting and industrial ex-perimental process of recovery .And the experiments show that during the recovery static blasting makes ore extracted gather and not too crashed with a low dilution rate and high recovery efficiency and saves cleaning cost through ventila -tion.At the same time,it can notably improve operation safety and is worth promoting in rock gold and rare precious metals mines.
参考文献
| [1] | 蔡景峰.上向水平分层尾砂充填采矿法及其改进--浅析四平银矿采矿法[J].有色金属（矿山部分）,2010(06):1-5. |
| [2] | 解世俊.金属矿床地下开采[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1986 |
| [3] | 四平昊融银业有限公司四平银矿 .静态爆破技术在地下矿山生产中的应用报告(工业试验)[R].四平:四平昊融银业有限公司四平银矿,2012. |
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