地下采矿工程开挖对天然岩石是一种卸荷行为，卸荷后的岩石容易受到拉应力作用，造成岩石内部原生裂隙的扩张贯通，从而极大影响工程岩体稳定性。为研究拉伸作用下岩石内部裂隙的萌生演化规律，采用扩展有限单元法，对含不同裂隙倾角的岩石进行了模拟研究。结果表明：拉伸应力下岩石裂隙起裂主要受Ⅰ型应力强度因子控制，裂隙倾角越大，起裂越困难，相应的起裂角也越大；裂隙扩展时的扩展角保持不变，扩展方向与最大拉应力方向保持垂直。
Underground mining will result in the release of load from natural rocks.They afterwards are subjected to tensile stress,leading to primary crack growth and even cut-through inside the rocks which have a detrimental effect on the stability of the engineered rock mass.In order to study the rules of initiation and evolution of cracks in rocks un-der tension,Extended Finite Element Method is used to simulate the rocks containing different cracking angles.The re-sults show that the initiation of cracks is mainly controlled by mode I stress intensity factor; the larger the angle of cracks,the larger the initiation angle and the more difficult the initiation;and the propagation angle remains fixed and the direction of crack propagation keeps vertical with the largest tensile stress direction as the crack grows.
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