分别利用普通钢制垫板和自制的带有冷水通道的铜制垫板,对AZ31镁合金进行了搅拌摩擦加工.利用光学显微镜(OM)、SEM、显微硬度仪和拉伸设备,研究了被加工件厚度、搅拌头焊接速率和冷却条件对试样搅拌区力学性能的影响.研究表明:试样搅拌区从上层至中层和底层,再结晶晶粒尺寸依次减小.通过减小被加工件厚度、增大搅拌头焊接速率和加快冷却速率等方法,抑制了试样搅拌区晶粒长大.在搅拌头转速和焊接速率分别为800r/min和90mm/min的条件下,得到的搅拌区底部平均晶粒尺寸约为450nm,该区域显微硬度为96HV,与普通钢制垫板制备的试样相比,硬度提高了24HV,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高为原材料的1.27倍、1.6倍和2.2倍.
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