燃料元件是核反应堆的核心部件,其性能指标直接影响反应堆的安全性和经济性.目前轻水反应堆中存在的锆合金腐蚀、吸氢、芯-壳反应等问题以及第四代核能系统燃料元件对材料的特殊要求,使以碳化硅(SiC)为包壳或基体材料的新型燃料元件的概念设计和制备成为了核燃料元件领域的一个新的热点.基于目前的研究进展,综述了SiC及SiC基复合材料在轻水反应堆、高温气冷堆、熔盐堆以及气冷快堆中的应用.重点阐述以SiC为包壳或基体材料的不同堆型燃料元件的设计理念、结构形式、制备方法及相关性能表现,并在此基础上总结了堆用SiC材料的特性和共性问题,展望了SiC材料在核燃料元件中的应用前景和重要发展方向.
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