铅炭超级蓄电池是由铅酸电池和超级电容器通过创新组合而形成的新型电化学储能装置，具有高功率、长寿命的特点，在电动汽车与规模储能方面有良好的应用前景。其性能突破的关键是将炭材料用到铅炭超级电池负极中，降低负极硫酸盐化。在高倍率部分荷电态工况下，阀控铅酸电池失效的原因是在负极板表面生成致密、不导电的硫酸铅的绝缘层。炭材料添加剂能抑制负极不可逆硫酸盐化，显著提高在高倍率部分荷电态工况下电池的循环寿命、功率性能和充电接受能力。介绍了炭材料抑制负极不可逆硫酸盐化的内在作用机理，综述了最近几年炭材料在铅炭超级蓄电池中应用的研究进展。
Lead-carbon ultra-battery is a hybrid electrochemical energy storage device,which combines a lead-acid battery with an asymmetric super-capacitor by internal paralleling.The new battery has higher power density and longer cycle life,and offers potential for using in electric vehicles and large stationary applications.The main reason for the improved performance of lead-acid battery is the use of carbon materials to reduce sulfate in the negative elec-trode of the battery.The valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA)battery fails prematurely due to the progressive build-up of lead sulfate mainly on the surfaces of the negative plates.The accumulation of lead sulfate reduces the effective reaction area of the negative plates,making the charge and discharge processes of the negative plates difficult.It has been found that adding carbon to the negative active material can enhance the performance of the lead-acid batteries un-der high-partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC)conditions.Lead-carbon ultra-batteries exhibit remarkable improvement in the rate capability,active material utilization,cycle performance and charge acceptance compared to the conventional lead-acid batteries in high-rate partial-state-of-charge cycling duty.Herein the progress of research in application of carbon materials in lead-carbon ultra-battery and the underlying mechanisms of carbon additives in preventing/reducing formation of sulfation on the negative electrode of the batteries are reviewed.
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