采用空气加压渗流技术制备了含宏观孔开孔泡沫金属材料,运用内耗技术研究了宏观孔对金属材料阻尼行为的影响及其阻尼机制,宏观孔的引入大大提高了材料的阻尼性能.泡沫金属材料的基体为工业纯铝和锌铝共析合金,宏观孔的平均直径约0.5mm和1.4mm,宏观孔孔隙率为69％和65％.在多功能内耗仪上采用连续变温受迫振动方式测量了泡沫金属材料的内耗和相对动力学模量.实验表明泡沫金属材料的阻尼能力随着宏观孔的减小、宏观孔孔隙率的增加而增加,依据实验结果提出了泡沫金属可能的阻尼机制:晶界阻尼、位错阻尼、孔周围的应力集中和模式转换、孔洞/金属基体界面处由于动力学模量相差很大而使机械能转化为热能和孔洞发生不均匀膨胀或畸变使外加应变能耗散为热能.
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