采用溶胶-凝胶工艺,以醋酸锌为前驱体,二乙醇胺为稳定剂,不同煅烧温度退火改性得到颗粒分布均匀的ZnO纳米粉体.测试发现,450℃退火得到的ZnO粉体催化效果最好,经紫外光照射240 min后可完全降解甲基橙,其速率常数(k)为0.0163 min-1.XRD、TEM、XPS、SEM、PL、UV-vis检测表明,温度从350℃上升到650℃,所有ZnO样品均呈六角纤锌矿结构,颗粒从不均匀扁平圆形生长为均匀球状,晶粒尺寸增大,团聚现象明显减少,样品结晶性随温度升高明显变好.另一方面,随着温度的升高,晶格氧所占的比例增大,空位氧浓度减小并产生体缺陷.结合光催化结果发现,适当的结晶度、比表面积和适量的氧缺陷对光催化降解更有利.
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