以核桃壳为原料,采用KOH活化法制备活性炭,并将其用作超级电容器电极材料.利用N2吸附和扫描电镜(SEM)表征活性炭的孔结构及表面形貌,系统研究碱炭比(KOH与核桃壳炭化料的质量比)对活性炭孔结构的影响,并采用恒流充放电及循环伏安等测定核桃壳活性炭电极材料在3 mol/L KOH电解液中的电化学性能.结果表明,随着碱炭比的增大,活性炭的比表面积、总孔容及中孔比例先逐渐增大后稍有减小.当活化温度为800℃,活化时间为1h,碱炭比为4时,可制备出比表面积为2404 m2/g,总孔容为1.344 cm3/g,中孔比例为28.6％,孔径分布在0.7～3.0 nm之间的高比表面积活性炭.该活性炭用作超级电容器电极材料具有良好的大电流放电特性和优异的循环性能,电流密度由50 mA/g提高到5000 mA/g时,其比电容由340 F/g降低到288 F/g,经1000次循环后,比电容保持率为93.4％.
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