水管理是质子交换膜燃料电池取得良好性能的关键因素之一,膜中水的含量及其分布的不均匀造成了电池性能下降.限于试验条件及测试技术,为了更好地探明电池中水的行为及分布,研究者们开展了大量的数学模型和仿真模拟.从质子交换膜燃料电池的工作原理角度出发,回顾了有关质子交换膜中水传递从一维模型到三维模型的发展历程,并阐述了各个阶段研究的要点、限定条件和主要的研究成果.同时,提出了未来水管理方面数学模型和仿真模拟发展的新方向.模型的完善有利于燃料电池控制策略的研究,这将为电池的优化设计提供理论基础.
Appropriate water management in proton exchange membrane (PEM) is essential to achieve a high cell performance over a wide range of operating conditions.The content and uneven distribution of water causes the decrease of the fuel cell perfor mance.Limitations related to the experimental conditions and techniques have motivated researchers to conduct computational modeling and simulation to better understand the behavior and distribution of water inside the cell.This paper reviews the working mechanism of PEM fuel cell,and the different mathematical models from one-dimensional model to three-dimensional models are employed.In addition,the focus of the study,the qualifications and main outcome of each research work are discussed.Moreover,the direction of the future simulations in water management is put forward.The model is conducive to the study of PEM fuel cell,which will provide the theoretical basis for the optimal design of fuel cell.
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