一水硬铝石型高硫铝土矿脱硫成为解决我国优质铝土矿资源短缺的热点问题.对前人研究的高硫矿成分、物相、形貌进行了总结,全面阐述了拜耳法生产氧化铝过程中硫、铁的行为和危害,详细介绍了国内外研究脱硫的机理、方法及其效果.提出“三步走战略”,即先浮选,后氧化,再沉淀三道工序进行脱硫,且对高硫铝土矿中所含不同成分的硫应采用不同方法脱硫.对含黄铁矿最高的高硫铝土矿可以通过先进行浮选工艺,再对含黄铁矿较高的铝土矿精矿在溶出过程中氧化S2-和溶出后在铝酸钠溶液中添加钡盐沉淀SO42-的方法协同达到脱硫的目的.最后展望了高硫铝土矿脱硫未来的研究方向.
The desulfurization of high-sulfur bauxite has become the hot issue for solving the shortage of high-quality bauxite resources in our country.In this paper,the composition,phase and morphology of high-sulfur bauxite are summarized.The behavior and harmfulness of sulfur and iron in high-sulfur bauxite during the process of producing alumina by the Bayer method is also described comprehensively.The research on the mechanism,methods and effects of desulfurization are introduced in detail.The threestep strategy (flotation,oxidation and precipitation) are proposed to desulfurization of high-sulfur bauxite.At first,the sulfur in the high-sulfur bauxite with highest pyrite can be removed by the flotation process,and then concentrate the bauxite with higher pyrite and sulfur can be removed through S2-oxidation in the dissolution process and SO42--precipitated by adding barium salt.Finally,the prospect of desulfurization of high sulfur bauxite is discussed briefly.
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