将超低碳无取向电工钢冷轧板在γ单相区加热,分别在H2和N2中使其发生α→γ→α相变,对超低碳无取向电工钢中的相变组织特征进行表征,并对其形成机理进行分析与讨论。结果表明,H2退火板中形成了强{100}取向单层饼状晶,且{100}取向晶粒的尺寸达到1 mm以上;而N2退火板表层为近{100}和{110}取向柱状晶,中心层则主要为{111}和{114}取向等轴晶。Σ3晶界普遍出现在发生取向择优的相变组织中,其形成机制与表面效应作用下诱发变体选择时所遵循的K-S关系密切相关;在N2退火板的柱状晶内部出现了近似线性的取向梯度,应为表层晶粒沿板材法向(ND)依靠γ→α相变长大受阻引起的相变应变累积造成的。
At present, the quality of commercial non-oriented electrical steels is improved mainly by optimizing deformation and recrystallization textures, but the most desirable {100} texture for the magnetic properties of sheets is normally no more than 20% in volume fraction. Throughα→γ→α transformation, however, the percentage of {100} texture can be up to 50%, even as high as 80% or more. The characteristics of transformation microstructure in ultra-low carbon non-oriented electrical steel are basically revealed in this work, and the formation mechanisms are analyzed and discussed. The cold-rolled sheets of electrical steels are heated inγ single phase region,α→γ→α transformation occurs in hydrogen and nitrogen atmosphere, respectively. The results indicate that strong {100} texture with monolayer pancake grains is developed in hydrogen, and the size of {100} oriented grains reaches more than 1 mm; whereas near {100} and {110} textured columnar grains are formed at the surface layer of the sheets in nitrogen, and the equal-axed grains with {111} and {114} textures in the center layer are obtained finally. Σ3 grain boundaries generally appear in the transformation microstructure where grain orientations are preferred, and its formation mechanism is closely related to K-S relationship which is followed during variant selection induced by surface-effect. There is an approximate linear orientation gradient in the columnar grains at the surface of the sheet annealed in nitrogen, and this phenomenon should be resulted from the accumulation of transformation strain induced by the suppression of the growth of surface grains withγ→α transformation along the normal direction.
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