材料期刊网

基于磁流体动力学及Maxwell方程组,建立了变极性等离子电弧的三维瞬态计算模型,依据变极性等离子弧焊对铝合金板材穿孔焊接过程的物理特性,提出了随电弧极性变化的分时导电模型,通过计算得到了变极性等离子电弧的温度场、流场、电流密度和电弧压力的分布情况,以及电弧压力随时间的变化过程。通过实验测量了工件表面电弧中心压力,得到了不同极性时的电弧形态。结果表明：相同电流条件下,正极性时电弧温度场分布比反极性时更加分散,但正极性时电弧最高温度范围小于反极性时;反极性电弧压力和电流密度在电弧中心处均大于正极性,在径向距电弧中心一定距离处,2种极性时的电弧压力和电流密度的大小出现反转;电弧压力对焊接电流响应迅速,正极性电弧压力小于反极性电弧压力,焊接电流过零时,电弧压力会降低到较低的值,电流增加时电弧压力变化存在“过冲”现象;对实验与计算得到的变极性等离子电弧正反极性时电弧图像和工件表面电弧中心压力进行了对比,结果吻合良好。

Variable polarity plasma arc (VPPA) is a kind of source to provide heat and force at welding process. It can remove the oxide layer with high melting point on the surface of base metal using the cleaning action of cathode spots (the special property of VPPA). So variable polarity plasma arc welding (VPPAW) is a very suitable method to join aluminum alloys which always have extremely tenacious surface oxides. It is great significant to understand clearly the physical characteristics of VPPA for predicting welding defects and making the welding process stable. Therefore, modeling and simulating VPPA are necessary and helpful to understand welding process theory and promote its application further. In this work, a three dimensional transient calculated model of VPPA was established. To describe the electrical characteristics of VPPA at different polarities, a sequential electric conducting model was proposed. With finite difference method, the temperature field, fluid flow and current density of VPPA were solved out. And the distribution of plasma arc pressure on the anode surface, as well as its evolution process as the time going on were analyzed. Arc pressure was measured experimentally to verify the calculated model. The results show that the arc temperature field of electrode negative (EN) is more compressed than that of electrode positive (EP). The range of high temperature at EN is a little larger. Arc pressure and current density of EN at central area are both higher than EP. Nonetheless, the magnitude of these values begins to reverse at a certain distance to center in radial direction. Moreover, the arc pressure rapidly responses to welding current. Pressure at EP is about 20% lower than that of EN. The pressure reduces to the lowest value when the current pass through 0. After that, while the current reaches to normal value, the pressure will immediately impact to a larger value, then quickly recover to an average value. Otherwise, to compare the experimental results with calculated results of arc images and arc pressure, they are in good agreement with each other.