在Na2SiO3·9H2O-KOH改性硅灰(溶胶-凝胶法)制备阻燃材料的基础上,基于正交试验L9(34)研究了焦磷酸钠、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和LaCl3对其阻燃性能的影响(包括它们的主次顺序和显著水平),合成了稀土元素掺杂的有机-无机杂化阻燃材料LaCl3/PAM/SiO2·nH2O.用热重/差示扫描量热(TG/DSC),扫描电镜(SEM),X-射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段进行表征,提出并阐明了其阻燃机理.LaCl3/PAM/SiO2·nH2O可使帆布的LOI达到39.2％;极差分析表明其主次顺序依次为PAM＞ LaCl3·7H2O＞NaP2O7·10H2O,方差分析表明PAM与其阻燃性能成高度显著影响,LaCl3· 7H2O为显著影响;XRD和SEM结果表明PAM和LaCl3有助于形成片层状的无定型膨胀硅质层,FT-IR和TG/DSC结果证实其具有优良的高温稳定性,进而产生隔热阻燃效应.
LaCl3 doped organic-inorganic hybrid fiame-retardant materials of LaCl3/PAM/SiO2· nH2O were prepared with Na2SiO3·9H2O-KOH modified silica ash as base material,and with PAM,LaCl3·7H2O and Na4P2O7· 10H2O as additives.Then the effect of the addition amount of PAM,LaCl3·7H2O and Na4P2O7·10H2O on the flame-retardant property of the LaCl3/PAM/SiO2· nH2O was investigated via orthogonal experiments L9(34).In the meanwhile,the flame-retardant materials of LaCl3/PAM/SiO2· nH2O were characterized by using TG/DSC,SEM,XRD and FT-IR.Results show that the LOI of the cotton canvas with an applied surface film of LaCl3/PAM/SiO2· nH2O can reach 39.2％;the sequence of the effectiveness of the additives on the flame-retardant property of LaCl3/PAM/SiO2·nH2O can be ranked as PAM ＞ LaCl3·7H2O ＞ Na4P2O7· 10H2O according to the results of range analysis.The results of XRD and SEM showed that the PAM favored the formation of denser amorphous swelling silica layers,the results of FT-IR and TG/DSC confirmed that the prepared flame-retardant materials held excellent high-temperature thermal stability,leading to the occurrence of heat insulation and fire-resistance effects.
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