硬质陶瓷涂层一般硬度高,但韧性差,在受到较大外加冲击荷载作用时容易产生裂纹并引发失效,从而限制了硬质涂层在工程领域的应用.硬质涂层的增韧研究是当前硬质涂层研究的热点之一.常见硬质涂层增韧方法中,有些是以降低硬度为代价来提高涂层韧性,比如第二相增韧;有些是通过优化涂层结构设计,减小缺陷尺寸,在不损失涂层高硬度的前提下,提高韧性,获得兼具高硬度和高韧性的涂层;有些是通过相变(晶体结构转变)提高涂层的韧性.通过优化涂层结构设计,改变涂层晶粒尺寸、晶界尺寸与复杂程度等,使涂层致密化,从而提高涂层硬度与韧性,从而获得增韧效果,成为研究者越来越关注的焦点.单一增韧方法的局限性,可以通过多种增韧方法协同作用获得突破,协同增韧已成为硬质涂层增韧发展的趋势.目前硬质涂层的韧性评估还没有一个公认的方法,从简单实用出发,常用的有微悬臂梁弯曲法、划痕法和压痕法.
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