白烟灰因其含有砷等有毒化合物,其安全堆存是冶金企业面临的难题.对白烟灰进行物相分析是处理该烟灰,使其达到环保要求堆存的重要依据.采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)研究了河南某企业白烟灰的物相组成及化学结合状态,确定其所含化学成分及元素含量.结果表明,样品中元素As相对含量高达20.99％,其中11％以游离态As2O3形式存在,其余以PbAs2O6形式存在.样品中还含有少量的Cu、Pb、Zn等金属及其氧化物.根据被测样品物相组成,提出了一种氧化酸浸脱砷的方法,并确定了最佳脱砷工艺,在最佳工艺条件下,砷的浸出率高达97.1％,高于文献报道的砷的浸出率.
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