以S-十二烷基-S′-(α,α′-二甲基-α″-乙酸)-三硫代碳酸酯(DMAT)为链转移剂、2-羟基-5-乙烯基苯甲醛(HVB)为单体,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合法(RAFT)合成结构明确、数均相对分子质量可控的水杨醛聚合物(PHVB).将PHVB直接地与单端胺基功能化聚乙二醇(mPEG-NH2)按n(—NH2 group)/n(—CHO group) =0.50投料进行醛-胺缩合反应,获得接枝率为50％的两亲性接枝水杨醛席夫碱聚合物PHVB-gafi-PEG.采用凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)对合成的聚合物的数均相对分子质量和结构进行了确证.将PHVB-graft-PEG直接地分散于无水乙醇中,自组装形成以聚乙烯水杨醛席夫碱为核、聚乙二醇为壳的胶束,然后以所得胶束为微反应器,与Zn(OAc)2进行配位反应得到外壳为可溶性链段PEG,内核为发光水杨醛席夫碱锌配合物的PHVB-grafi-PEG/Zn2+交联稳定化胶束.通过紫外-可见分光光谱(UV-Vis)、荧光发射光谱(FLL)、动态光散射(DLS)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分别对胶束的交联稳定化过程进行了表征.研究结果表明,经交联稳定化后,PHVB-grafi-PEG/Zn2+胶束在干燥后仍可在水和常见有机溶剂中再分散形成粒径大小约为100 nm、在约460nm处发射出蓝光荧光的纳米粒子,并且可作为荧光传感器,在水溶液中对Cu2+离子进行选择性识别,其荧光淬灭率与Cu2离子浓度(0～ 50 μmol/L范围内)呈线性关系,最低检测下限至0.5 μmol/L,而其它共存离子如Cd2、Mg2+、Ni2、Pb2+、Ca2、Hg2、Al3+、Mn2+等对Cu2离子的荧光响应性没有干扰,即可实现对Cu2离子进行定量检测.
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