有序多孔膜是一种可以应用于众多领域的功能性材料,建立简单、低廉和安全的制备方法能够强有力地推进多孔膜材料的广泛利用.本文用水作为模板剂,以溶解于甲苯的工业通用级聚苯乙烯(PS,PG-22)溶液为成膜材料,利用呼吸图案法成功地制备出多孔膜,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对所制的多孔膜形貌进行了观察,分别研究了动态和静态气氛、制膜液用量、质量浓度、环境湿度等条件对孔径大小和分布的影响.结果表明,制备有序多孔膜的适宜条件为:在环境温度25℃和用甲苯为溶剂时,聚合物质量浓度为25 mg/mL,用量0.8 mL,环境湿度85%(相对湿度),并保持静态气氛.采用聚苯乙烯溶液多次涂覆方法可以增加多孔膜厚度,有利于提高其机械强度,也为有序多孔碳材料的制备奠定了基础.
Ordered porous film is one kind of functional materials which can be applied in many fields. The preparation method, easy, low-cost and safe, is able to promote porous films into wide application. Breath figure method was used to prepare porous films from polystyrene ( PS, PG-22 ) solved in toluene with water as templating agent. The morphology of the porous film was observed by scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) . The influences of polymer concentration, dosage, humidity, and dynamic or static atmosphere on the structures of porous films were investigated. The results show that the optimal parameters to prepare ordered porous polystyrene films are 25 mg/mL (polymer concentration), 0.8 mL (the dosage of PS solution) and 85% RH ( environmental humidity ) under 25 ℃ static atmosphere and toluene as solvent. Multi-coating process with polystyrene can increase the thickness and the strength of ordered porous films, which lays a foundation for preparation of porous bulk carbon materials.
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