基于热-黏弹塑性本构方程建立了大钢锭凝固时热-流-力耦合的3D有限元模型,并对8.5t钢锭浇注过程中不同位置处热流密度、气隙宽度和界面换热系数的变化规律进行了模拟分析.结果表明,钢水与钢锭模刚刚接触时的热流密度和换热系数最大,二者随后迅速下降,且角部区域的下降趋势略大于面部.凝固初期时热流密度和换热系数的最大值位置并非位于面部中心,而是在1/4宽度处;由于宽面对钢水静压力的抵抗作用小于窄面,其界面热流密度和换热系数也略大于窄面.凝固中后期时,换热系数的区域差异逐渐趋于不明显.同时,建立了基于凝固时间和界面温度的平均换热系数的反算模型.应用2个模型所求结果计算的钢锭和钢锭模温度变化与实测值及热-流-力耦合模型结果基本一致.进一步研究发现,界面换热系数随温度的变化规律可推广应用到3～30t钢锭的模拟研究中,计算结果与实际更为符合.
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