钢轨中大尺寸外来夹杂物的存在危及行车安全。通过统计近几年钢轨批检验工作中检出大尺寸夹杂物案例，采用能谱分析化学成分，对夹杂物的来源进行了讨论。结果表明：中国钢轨生产厂技术改造后，尤其是铁路钢轨标准的技术要求提高之后，钢轨内部夹杂物的形态与特点发生了较大的变化；钢轨内的大尺寸外来夹杂物多由连铸系统引入；耐火材料卷入对钢轨疲劳性能影响较大；连铸结晶器保护渣卷入钢坯的情况需要引起钢厂的足够重视。
The large-size inclusions in rails can endanger the safety of trains. the large-size inclusions cases of rails in China in recent years and the corresponding chemical composition had been analyzed by using SEM. The result shows that the shape and character of the inclusions in rails had been significantly changed after the equipment transformation and the republication of the new railway industrial standard in China. Large-size external inclusions are mostly introduced by casting system. Refractory and mould fluxes in rails had a great impact on the fatigue property,of which the rails facto-ries need to attract enough attention.
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