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综述了国内外对白层的研究现状,指出了当前白层研究中存在的分歧和争论,分析归纳了表面白层的特征和形成机制,重点讨论了钢轨运行过程中白层的组织结构及形成机制,提出了今后的研究方向.同时用扫描电镜对车轮钢切削白层和钢轨钢中的白层进行观察分析.结果表明,车轮钢切削加工和钢轨运行时,表面组织均发生动态的塑性变形和再结晶,原奥氏体晶粒细化,在随后的冷却的过程中形成马氏体.

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