随着汽车和航空工业的飞速发展,对节能减排和轻量化提出了更高的要求,使得高强轻质镁合金有了更大的发展.稀土元素由于具有优异的固溶和沉淀强化效果,能够改善合金的高温和抗蠕变性能,提高耐蚀性,同时稀土元素还具有除氢脱氧、提高铸造性能等作用,从而使稀土镁合金成为研究的一大热点,并在航空航天、电子、汽车、通讯等领域展现出了广阔的应用前景.近年来,通过向Mg-RE合金中加入Zn,Cu或Ni等元素,合理调整合金成分、温度和冷却条件,形成了一种具有长周期堆垛有序结构(long period stacking ordered,LPSO)的有序固溶体.合金经塑性变形后LPSO相呈弥散状均匀分布在基体上,同时细化基体晶粒,极大地提高了合金的强韧性.长周期堆垛有序结构作为镁合金中一种新的有效的增强相,能够显著提高合金的力学性能,具有极大的发展前景.综述了长周期增强镁合金的研究进展和应用现状,主要介绍了Mg-RE-Zn,Mg-RE-Cu,Mg-RE-Ni合金系的国内外研究现状,提出了当前研究需要解决的主要问题,展望了长周期堆垛有序结构增强镁合金的发展趋势.
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