黄金具有优良的导电性、延展性和低接触电阻,被广泛应用于电气电子产品的印刷线路板上.随着科技的发展,电气电子产品的市场需求量不断增大,其平均寿命伴随产品功能和外观设计的日益更新显著降低,导致大量的印刷线路板被废弃.在我国金矿资源如此紧张的情况下,从废弃印刷线路板中回收黄金受到广泛重视.文中阐述了废弃印刷线路板的构成特点及回收价值,并从废弃印刷线路板预处理、金属富集、金的浸出和浸出液中金的回收4方面详细介绍了黄金回收提取的整个过程中所涉及的多种主要技术.同时,文中从经济效益、环境影响和工业化可行性等方面对各种技术进行对比分析,指出各种回收处理技术的优势及存在的问题.表明未来的研究趋势是以最大程度降低二次污染为目标,将多种技术融合联用,在达到环境效益和降低处理成本的基础上,最大程度提高黄金的回收率和回收纯度;同时还需进一步开发新的处理设备,寻找更有效的处理手段,以促进我国废弃印刷线路板中黄金的回收利用.
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