系统地总结了目前国内外金属钛的制取方法,按照提取工艺和含钛原料的不同,将提取钛的方法分为热还原法和熔盐电解法.热还原法包括以TiCl4为原料的Kroll法、Hunter法、Armstrong法及EMR法,以TiO2为原料的OS法、PRP工艺和MHR法以及以钛酸盐为原料的热还原法,所采用的还原剂主要是液态或气态的活泼金属镁、钙、钠及其氢化物等.熔盐电解法包括TiCl4熔盐电解法,钛酸盐熔盐电解法以及以TiO2,TiO·mTiC或钛渣为原料的熔盐电解法,如FFC剑桥法、MER工艺、USTB法、QIT工艺、SOM法及离子液体电解法等;熔盐电解法所采用的电解质主要有NaCl,KCl,CaCl2以及这几种盐的混合物等.目前钛的工业化生产只有Kroll法和Hunter法,其他的热还原法由于产品不能满足要求且不能实现连续化等原因尚处于实验室研发阶段.FFC剑桥法直接以TiO2为原料进行熔盐电解获得金属钛,省去了TiCl4的生产步骤,缩短了提取钛的工艺流程,降低了能耗和成本,已成功开展了千克级的扩大化实验;离子液体电解法将二氧化钛的熔盐电解温度从近千度的高温降低至近室温,但因其较低的还原率和电流效率,该方法还有待进一步研究.因此,熔盐电解法将可能成为未来钛制取的发展方向而取代热还原法并由高温向低温方向发展.
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