针对某硫化镍矿含砷、品位低、多金属矿混杂、地处寒冷地区等特点,为了保持较高的浸出率,低温驯化后浸矿细菌需要具有较常温细菌更高的氧化速率.基于热力学基本公式,推导了电位(E)与温度(T)的函数关系式,并使用HSC软件绘制15℃下Fe-As-Ni-S-H2O体系和Fe-Cu-S-H2O体系的E-pH图,对含砷复杂硫化镍矿进行了热力学分析.在综合了两个体系的E-pH图后,排列出在温度为15℃的微生物浸出体系中矿物随电位升高的溶解顺序,同时对比了不同反应物活度对矿物溶解的影响.在低温(15℃)下的微生物浸出过程中,研究矿浆浓度、细菌接种量、初始pH值对含砷复杂硫化镍矿中镍、铜、砷浸出率的影响.经过14 d的浸出,在优化的条件下,镍的浸出率可达65％以上,与此同时钴的浸出率可达70％以上,铜的浸出率大于50％.浸出过程中镍钴铜砷的溶解规律符合之前基于E-pH图的热力学分析结果,砷黄铁矿被优先浸出.经42 d的浸出,镍钴的浸出率大于70％,铜的浸出率则可以达到60％以上.
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