黄铁矿是地球表面最丰富的硫化矿,它的氧化与有色金属提取工业和酸性水治理密切相关.一方面,对于难处理金矿石,金矿物浸染状分布于黄铁矿中,有效地氧化黄铁矿是金矿物释放的关键.另一方面,生物堆浸体系中黄铁矿的氧化会不断产酸,增加中和成本.浸矿微生物既存在于矿物表面又存在于溶液中,对于黄铁矿的氧化发挥着各自的作用.浸矿微生物在黄铁矿表面的吸附/脱附,表面胞外聚合物(EPS)的形成以及定殖是生物氧化黄铁矿的关键环节,同时其机制也是促进或抑制工业体系中黄铁矿氧化的理论依据.然而微生物与黄铁矿表面作用力的实质,胞外聚合物(EPS)组成的调控机制,以及这些吸附于黄铁矿表面的浸矿微生物对于黄铁矿生物氧化中所扮演的角色还不甚明了.本文综合国内外文献报道,着重讨论浸矿微生物与黄铁矿的“接触作用”中各个环节及其所扮演角色,根据目前研究现状总结了存疑问题并提出了未来研究方向.
Pyrite is the most abundant metal sulfides in the world.Its oxidation is related to the economic benefit of extractive metallurgy of nonferrous metal and the control of acid mine drainage.On the one hand,effective oxidation of pyrite is a key factor to the release of gold minerals from refractory gold ores,for which gold minerals disseminate in the pyrite matrix.On the other hand,oxidation of pyrite in bioheap leads to the generation of acid,which increases the neutralization cost.Sessile and planktonic bacteria play their respective role in pyrite oxidation.The attachment/detachment,formation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and colonization of bioleaching bacteria on pyrite are key segments of pyrite bioxidation and its mechanism is the basis of commercial operation to decide either promoting or inhibiting the oxidation of pyrite.However,the essence of force between bacteria and pyrite surface,the regulatory mechanism of EPS composition and the detail role of the bacteria that attach to the pyrite surface are still unknown.Combining domestic and foreign literatures,the review focused on the processes of "contact mechanism" and the role of "contact bacteria".Controversial issues were summarized,and the new direction in the future was proposed.
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