固体氧化物燃料电池是一种不受卡诺循环限制、将化学能直接转化为电能的新型发电装置.其具有高效率、环境友好、全固态结构等待点,并且适用于多种燃料气体,因此成为近年来人们关注的焦点.电解质则是整个固体氧化物燃料电池的核心部件,直接决定了固体氧化物燃料电池的工作温度区间和输出特性,甚至连接材料和电极材料也受制于电解质.其中,由于锆基电解质几乎满足固体氧化物燃料电池对电解质物理、化学、电学和机械性能的所有要求,因此成为固体氧化物燃料电池电解质材料研究中应用最多的材料.本文首先介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池的结构及工作原理,系统阐述了锆基电解质材料的晶相结构、离子导电原理,并重点分析了Y2O3稳定ZrO2,Sc2O3稳定ZrO2电解质材料和其他锆基电解质材料的研究现状.最后,本文对常用锆基电解质成型工艺方法进行了总结分析.随着中温固体氧化物燃料电池技术的逐渐成熟及其商业化发展的稳步推进,锆基电解质材料必将在21世纪绿色能源技术中发挥其不可替代的作用.
Solid oxide fuel cell is a new type of energy conversion device that can overcome Carnot cycle and produce electricity power from chemical energy.It attracts much attention for its high efficiency,environment friendliness,all solid-state structure and adaptability on variety of fuel gas.The electrolyte is the core components of entire solid oxide fuel cell,which directly determines the operating temperature range and output characteristics of the solid oxide fuel cell,and even the connecting material and the electrode material are also subjected to the electrolyte.Zirconium-based electrolyte is the most common solid electrolyte used for solid oxide fuel cells,because of its good physical,chemical,electrical and mechanical stability.The structure and working principle of solid oxide fuel cell were described,and the crystal structures,ionic conductivity principle of zirconium-based electrolyte material were systematically explained.Meanwhile,the current research situation of Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2,Sc2O3 stabilized ZrO2,and other types of zirconium-based electrolyte materials were analyzed.Finally,the zirconium-based electrolyte molding methods were summarized and analyzed.With the maturity of middle temperature solid oxide fuel cell technology and the steady commercial development,zirconium-based electrolyte material would play an irreplaceable role in the 21 st century green energy technologies.
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