从组成上看,自然骨是一种无机与有机的复合材料;从结构上看,致密骨的基本结构单位为内壁血管化的骨单位.本研究基于组成与结构仿生的原理制备组织工程化支架,模拟具有复杂结构的密质骨的基本单位——骨单位.为此,通过静电纺丝和双螺杆挤出相结合的两步制造法,制备一种具有双层结构的聚己内酯/磷酸钙(PCL/CaP)复合骨支架,其内层是由电纺纳米纤维组成的空心管,可贴附内皮细胞层形成与哈佛氏管相类似的结构;其外层是具有高孔隙率的螺旋状PCL/CaP微丝,可复合前成骨细胞以模拟骨单位结构中的外层骨样组织.为进一步探索材料组成对于支架生物功能的影响,分别设计了外层为PCL,PCL/双相磷酸钙(PCL/BCP)和PCL/β-磷酸三钙(PCL/β-TCP)的复合支架,比较了材料组分变化对外层微丝结构及前成骨细胞(MC3T3-E1)活性的影响.相比于PCL和PCL/β-TCP,PCL/BCP微丝更能显著增强细胞的生长和钙的沉积,并成功获得可精确调控不同细胞的空间分布的双层复合支架,实现对复杂结构骨单位的模拟构建,显示出很好的应用前景.
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