在不增加能耗的前提下提出了一种简易的垫片法改善正渗透过程中出现的浓差极化现象.利用这种方法,在正渗透膜活性层朝向原料液的膜取向下,发现垫片安置在汲取液廊道贴紧膜的位置可以最好地减缓稀释内浓差极化,进而显著的提升正渗透的运行效果;此时,以0.5 mol/L的NaCl为原料液,而分别以1、2、4 mol/L的NaC1为汲取液进行批式实验,与未安置垫片的方式相比,水通量分别有2.94％,9.0％和12.5％的提升幅度;另外,还发现当将垫片放置在原料液廊道(远离膜)和汲取液廊道(贴紧膜)时,可以起到同时减缓浓缩外浓差极化(CECP)和稀释内浓差极化(DICP)的效果.
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