海水淡化是目前应对全球淡水资源危机的最有效的方法,反渗透膜法因为分离效率高、低能耗和操作简便的特点,已经逐渐成为海水淡化的主流技术.聚酰胺反渗透复合膜由于其优良的分离性能成为目前膜法海水淡化的主流应用膜,但是膜通量和盐离子截留率之间互相限制的关系、膜表面污染和氯氧化是限制其应用的3个主要方面,因此多种改性技术用来对其进行改性,以提高其通量和盐离子截留率、表面抗污染性能和耐氯性能.聚酰胺反渗透复合膜3层独立结构的特点为其改性提供了良好的平台,表面聚酰胺活性层、聚砜亚层和无纺布支撑层可以分开进行调节,从而达到复合膜结构和分离性能改性的目的.本文结合近年来围绕聚酰胺反渗透复合膜改性技术的研究进展进行了论述,重点围绕聚酰胺活性层表面改性和无机纳米材料掺杂、聚砜亚层的改性3个方面展开讨论,并对未来改性技术进行了展望.
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