在各种防腐蚀的方法中，溶胶-凝胶法是一种操作简单、环境友好、成本低廉的表面涂层制备技术，被广泛应用于许多金属材料表面的腐蚀防护上。简单地介绍了溶胶-凝胶法的基本原理以及易改性、易控温、无污染的优点，重点阐述了影响涂层耐腐蚀性能的相关工艺参数，包括水解温度、pH值、陈化时间、反应物浓度、热处理温度等。详细综述了溶胶-凝胶法制备防腐蚀涂层工艺的特点与研究现状，经过单一无机氧化涂层到多元复合涂层的发展，涂层的性能得到提升，应用范围更加广泛。介绍了溶胶-凝胶涂层的3个防腐蚀机理，包括屏蔽作用、缓蚀钝化作用、牺牲阳极保护作用，阐述了涂层的防腐蚀机制，为研究新的防腐蚀工艺提供理论基础。最后，总结了目前防腐蚀涂层研究过程中所遇到的困难，并展望了可能的解决方法，为未来的研究提供了发展方向。
ABSTRACT:Among a variety of anti-corrosion methods, the sol-gel method is a kind of environmental friendly preparation tech-nology with simple operation and low cost, which is widely applied to the corrosion protection of surface of many metal materials. This paper introduced the basic principle of the sol-gel method, and its characteristics of easily modification, easy temperature con-trol and non-pollution. This paper expounded emphatically the related processing parameters affecting coating corrosion resistance, including hydrolysis temperature, pH value, aging time, reactant concentration, heat treatment temperature, etc. The technology research progress of sol-gel anti-corrosion coatings on metals was reviewed in details, and sol-gel anti-corrosion coating had experi-enced the history of a single inorganic oxide coating process to the multivariate composite coating, which made the application scope more extensive. In the end, this review summarized the three anti-corrosion mechanisms of sol-gel coating, including shielding effect, corrosion passivation, sacrificial anode protection, which expounded the mechanism of corrosion resistance of the coating and provided the theoretical foundation for the research of new anti-corrosion technology. Finally the difficulties encountered in the course of anticorrosion coating in current researches were summarized, and the possible solutions were discussed to provide direc-tion for future researches.
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