CO2和H2 S是油气管道中主要的腐蚀介质，两者往往同时存在于原油和天然气之中，是造成油气输送管道内腐蚀发生的主要原因之一，甚至会导致管道失效、穿孔、泄漏、开裂等现象，严重威胁了管网的安全运行及正常生产。因此CO2和H2 S引起的管道腐蚀问题，已成为当前研究的热点问题。针对油气管道日益严重的CO2和H2 S腐蚀问题，综述了CO2单独存在、H2 S单独存在以及CO2和H2 S共同存在三种体系中油气管道的腐蚀过程，得出了在这三种腐蚀体系下油气管道出现的主要腐蚀行为规律以及腐蚀机理。阐述了CO2和H2 S共同存在体系下，缓蚀剂、耐蚀性管材、电化学防腐技术、管道内涂层技术等先进的油气管道腐蚀防护技术，并剖析了这些防护措施各自的特点及在实际工程使用中的优势和局限性。最后，展望了CO2和H2 S共存体系的进一步研究方向以及更经济、更有效的防腐措施发展前景。
ABSTRACT:CO2 and H2 S are the major corrosion media in oil and gas pipeline, often existing in both crude oil and natural gas. Their presence is one of the main causes for internal corrosion in oil and gas pipelines, and even leads to pipeline failure, perfora-tions, leaks and cracks. It′s a serious threat to the safe operation of the pipeline network and normal production. So pipeline corro-sion problems caused by CO2 and H2 S have become a hot issue of current research. For the growing oil and gas pipeline corrosion problems caused by CO2 and H2 S, the corrosion behaviors of oil and gas pipelines in CO2 alone, H2 S alone and the co-existence of CO2 and H2 S system were systematically compared in this paper. The law and mechanism of pipeline corrosion behavior in these three corrosion systems were obtained. And the protection techniques against oil and gas pipeline corrosion were listed, such as cor-rosion inhibitors, corrosion resistant pipes, electrochemical corrosion technology and pipe coating corrosion protection technology, and the characteristics, advantages and limitations in practical use of these protective measures were analyzed. Furthermore, the outlook about further research directions in CO2 and H2 S co-existence system as well as more economical and effective anti-corrosion measures was prospected.
参考文献
| [1] | 李欣;李进.长输天然气气质对管道内腐蚀的影响研究[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2015(2):69-72. |
| [2] | Xu Xiu-qing;Miao Jian;Bai Zhen-quan;Feng Yao-rong;Ma Oiu-rong;Zhao Wen-zhen.The corrosion behavior of electroless Ni-P coating in C1~-/H_2S environment[J].Applied Surface Science: A Journal Devoted to the Properties of Interfaces in Relation to the Synthesis and Behaviour of Materials,201222(22):8802-8806. |
| [3] | B. Tribollet;J. Kittel;A. Meroufel;F. Ropital;F. Grosjean;E. M. M. Sutter.Corrosion mechanisms in aqueous solutions containing dissolved H_2S. Part 2: Model of the cathodic reactions on a 316L stainless steel rotating disc electrode[J].Electrochimica Acta,2014:46-51. |
| [4] | Shiwen Zou;Xiaogang Li;Chaofang Dong;Kangkang Ding;Kui Xiao.Electrochemical migration, whisker formation, and corrosion behavior of printed circuit board under wet H2S environment[J].Electrochimica Acta,2013:363-371. |
| [5] | 陈利琼;李卫;马剑林;何川.油气管道的H2S应力腐蚀破裂及防护[J].管道技术与设备,2004(1):39-40,44. |
| [6] | 黄金营;吴伟平;柳伟;路民旭.碳钢在H2S／CO2体系中的应力腐蚀开裂机理[J].材料保护,2011(8):32-33,40. |
| [7] | 张亦良.压力容器用钢的硫化氢应力腐蚀[J].压力容器,1998(01):30. |
| [8] | 王全庭;杨晶晶.克服硫化氢应力腐蚀开裂的几种方法[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2014(5):37-39. |
| [9] | 张清;李全安;文九巴;白真权.温度和压力对N80钢CO2/H2S腐蚀速率的影响[J].石油矿场机械,2004(3):42-44. |
| [10] | 张清;李全安;文九巴;白真权.CO2分压对油管钢CO2/H2S腐蚀的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2004(4):72-74. |
| [11] | 姜放;戴海黔;曹小燕;黄红兵.油套管在CO2和H2S共存时的腐蚀机理研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2005(3):213-215. |
| [12] | 陈墨;宋晓琴;许玉磊;杨宇航;陈俊.CO2对金属管道腐蚀的研究现状及发展趋势[J].内蒙古石油化工,2006(7):9-10. |
| [13] | The effect of H_2S concentration on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel at 90 ℃[J].Corrosion Science: The Journal on Environmental Degradation of Materials and its Control,20106(6):p.2050. |
| [14] | W. Sun;S. Nesic.A Mechanistic Model of Uniform Hydrogen Sulfide/ Carbon Dioxide Corrosion of Mild Steel[J].Corrosion: The Journal of Science and Engineering,20095(5):291-307. |
| [15] | Zafar, Muhammad Nauman;Rihan, Rihan;Al-Hadhrami, Luai.Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of SA-543 and X65 steels in emulsions containing H2S and CO2 using a novel emulsion flow loop[J].Corrosion Science: The Journal on Environmental Degradation of Materials and its Control,2015May(May):275-287. |
| [16] | Zhao, Jingmao;Duan, Hanbing;Jiang, Ruijing.Synergistic corrosion inhibition effect of quinoline quaternary ammonium salt and Gemini surfactant in H2S and CO2 saturated brine solution[J].Corrosion Science: The Journal on Environmental Degradation of Materials and its Control,2015Feb.(Feb.):108-119. |
| [17] | Yoon-Seok Choi;Srdjan Nesic;Shiun Ling.Effect of H_2S on the CO_2 corrosion of carbon steel in acidic solutions[J].Electrochimica Acta,20114(4):1752-1760. |
| [18] | 梅平;邱小庆;艾俊哲.油气水系统中N80钢CO2/H2S共存腐蚀规律研究[J].长江大学学报（自然科学版）理工卷,2010(1):27-29. |
| [19] | G.A. Zhang;Y. Zeng;X.P. Guo;F. Jiang;D.Y. Shi;Z.Y. Chen.Electrochemical corrosion behavior of carbon steel under dynamic high pressure H_2S/CO_2 environment[J].Corrosion Science: The Journal on Environmental Degradation of Materials and its Control,2012Dec.(Dec.):37-47. |
| [20] | 吕祥鸿;赵国仙;张建兵;韩勇;常泽亮.用于集输管线的0.5Cr钢在模拟塔里木油田环境中的H2S/CO2腐蚀行为研究[J].石油学报,2009(5):782-787. |
| [21] | 植田昌克.合金元素和显微结构对CO2/H2S环境中腐蚀产物稳定性的影响[J].石油与天然气化工,2005(01):43-52. |
| [22] | Hui-bin WU;Li-fu LIU;Li-dong WANG;Yue-ting LIU.Influence of Chromium on Mechanical Properties and CO2/H2S Corrosion Behavior of P110 Grade Tube Steel[J].钢铁研究学报（英文版）,2014(01):76-85. |
| [23] | Z. F. Yin;W. Z. Zhao;Z. Q. Bai;Y. R. Feng;W. J. Zhou.Corrosion behavior of SM 80SS tube steel in stimulant solution containing H{sub}2S and CO{sub}2[J].Electrochimica Acta,200810(10):3690-3700. |
| [24] | Corrosion of stainless steel 316L in simulated formation water environment with CO_2-H_2S-Cl~-[J].Corrosion Science: The Journal on Environmental Degradation of Materials and its Control,200912(12):2811. |
| [25] | 李自力;程远鹏;毕海胜;董有智.油气田CO2/H2S共存腐蚀与缓蚀技术研究进展[J].化工学报,2014(2):406-414. |
| [26] | 康永;罗红.咪唑啉类缓蚀剂对CO2/H2S腐蚀抑制作用研究进展[J].精细石油化工进展,2011(9):55-58. |
| [27] | 张晨;赵景茂.CO2体系中咪唑啉季铵盐与十二烷基磺酸钠之间的缓蚀协同效应[J].物理化学学报,2014(4):677-685. |
| [28] | 王倩;付朝阳.CO2饱和NaCl溶液中松香基咪唑啉季铵盐的缓蚀吸附行为[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2012(04):319-322. |
| [29] | 宁朝辉;崔新安;申明周;娄世松;赵景茂.咪唑啉酰胺中和缓蚀剂的成膜性能研究[J].石油化工腐蚀与防护,2005(1):16-19. |
| [30] | 张光华;王腾飞;孙卫玲;董惟昕;费菲.硫脲基烷基咪唑啉类缓蚀剂的制备、缓蚀性能及其机理[J].材料保护,2011(2):21-23,58. |
| [31] | 高阳;陈洪龄;陈步荣;衡忠伟;宋双.盐酸溶液中N-烷基苯并咪唑阳离子对碳钢的缓蚀性能[J].材料保护,2009(7):1-3. |
| [32] | 张忠铧;黄子阳;孙元宁;蔡海燕;郭金宝.3Cr抗CO2和H2S腐蚀系列油套管开发[J].宝钢技术,2006(3):5-8,59. |
| [33] | 李珣 .井下油套管二氧化碳腐蚀研究[D].四川大学,2005. |
| [34] | 王少兰;费敬银;林西华;骆立立.高性能耐蚀管材及超级13Cr研究进展[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2013(4):322-326. |
| [35] | Edward Curran.Corrosion control in gas pipelines coating protection Provides Lifetime of Prevention[J].Pipeline & Gas Journal,200710(10):50,52,54-0. |
| [36] | 陈世一;吴先策;江国业.管道强制电流阴极保护电流和电位计算的数值方法[J].石油化工高等学校学报,2008(3):75-78. |
| [37] | 薛致远;毕武喜;陈振华;张丰;陈洪源.油气管道阴极保护技术现状与展望[J].油气储运,2014(9):938-944. |
| [38] | 陈玉华;刘颖.搪瓷（喷瓷）管道及其连接技术国内外研究现状[J].表面技术,2008(6):74-77. |
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
- 您的评分：
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%