目的 提高TA15合金的表面硬度,改善其耐磨性能.方法 以Ti/Ni+Si3 N4/ZrO2混合粉末为原料,利用激光熔覆技术,在TA15钛合金表面制备出以ZrO2颗粒和原位生成Ti5 Si3、TiN为增强相,以金属化合物TiNi、Ti2 Ni为基体的复合涂层.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪等手段分析激光熔覆涂层的显微组织及磨损表面,通过硬度测试、摩擦磨损实验,对熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性进行评估.结果 熔覆层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,熔覆层组织中TiNi和Ti2 Ni金属化合物基体上弥散分布着Ti5 Si3、TiN树枝晶和ZrO2颗粒;与不含ZrO2熔覆层相比,含有ZrO2熔覆层组织的晶粒得到细化;熔覆层中原位生成的TiN桥接在裂纹上,具有增韧的作用;熔覆层的显微硬度分布在835~1050 HV区间内,约为基体硬度的3倍左右;在干滑动摩擦磨损下,熔覆层的磨损量约为钛合金基体磨损量的1/6,其主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损.结论 熔覆层中高硬度、耐磨陶瓷相和高韧性相的共同配合,显著提高了钛合金表面的硬度和耐磨性.
Objective To improve the hardness and wear resistance of the surface of titanium alloys. Methods Wear-resistant Ti5 Si3-TiN reinforced TiNi-Ti2 Ni intermetallic matrix composite coatings were prepared on TA15 titanium alloys by the laser clad-ding process using Ti/Ni+Si3 N4/ZrO2 powder blends as the precursor materials. Microstructure and worn surface morphologies of the coating were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. The micro-hard-ness and wear resistance of the coating were evaluated by the hardness test and friction and wear test. Results The results indicated that the coating and the base had a good metallurgical bond. Ti5 Si3 , TiN dendrites and ZrO2 particles were evenly distributed in the coatings consisting of TiNi and Ti2 Ni dendrites. Besides, the ZrO2 could refine the microstructure of the coating and the TiN which was generated in situ bridging the cracks in the cladding layer had toughening effect to some extent. The microhardness of the sub-strate was distributed in the range of 835~1050 HV, which was 3 times as high as that of the cladding layer. The wear loss of the substrate was about 1/6 that of the cladding layer, and the main wear mechanisms were abrasive wear and adhesive wear . Conclu-sion The high hardness, wear-resistant ceramic phase and high toughness phase of the coating significantly improved the hardness and wear resistance of the surface of titanium alloy.
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