采用浓H3PO/浓HNO3混酸体系对碳纤维(CF)表面进行预处理得到酸化碳纤维,再利用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与酸化碳纤维发生接枝反应,制得官能团化碳纤维(MCF).将其与热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)熔融共混得到MCF/TPU复合泡沫材料.利用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱和场发射扫描电镜等表征了纤维接枝改性效果和复合材料结构及断面形貌.结果表明,化学接枝使得纤维表面官能团化,并且接枝改性增加了纤维表面的粗糙度及无序程度.从而成功地改善了纤维和TPU基体的界面粘合力和相容性.力学性能分析表明,相比接枝前的CF,MCF可明显提高复合泡沫材料的力学性能,当纤维添加量为3％时,较改性前拉伸强度提高了16.1％,断裂伸长率提高了18.5％.撕裂强度提升了3.2％,回弹性提高了6.7％,压缩永久变形降低了6.9％.
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